无锡努瓦石油科技有限公司

Wellhead Control System (WHCP)

Precision-engineered safety, monitoring, and control for oil & gas wells — ensuring fail-safe operation, remote/local control, and compliance with international standards.

Wellhead Control Panel (WHCP) with HPU, gauges, and valve actuators for oil and gas safety
WHCP – Hydraulic Power Unit & Control Panel

Wellhead and control systems are essential in various industries for monitoring and controlling production processes. They consist of components such as sensors, transmitters, controllers, and displays, which work together to ensure precise control of variables like flow, temperature, and pressure. This field, known as instrumentation and control engineering, focuses on the design and implementation of systems that measure and control these process variables.

Standard systems used in this field include PLC (Programmable Logic Controller), DCS (Distributed Control System), RTU (Remote Terminal Unit), and SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition).

WHCPs — also known as Shutdown Panels (SDP), Emergency Shutdown Systems (ESD), or Hydraulic Safety Shutdown Systems (HSSS) — are fail-safe shutdown systems with pneumatic/hydraulic/electric components. They can be integrated with PLCs, RTUs, and SCADA systems and serve as both standalone control systems and interfaces between the plant control system and the wellhead safety system.

WHCPs are used for monitoring, controlling (Remote/Local), and safe shutdown of Subsurface Controlled Safety Valves (SCSSV), Surface Safety Valves (SSV), and other wellhead safety valves (Choke, ESD, HIPPS) in oil & gas production fields to ensure safe operation of unattended wells/platforms.

Instrumentation and Control Benefits

Instrumentation and control systems are driving modern manufacturing with their advanced capabilities. Data collected provides valuable insights into equipment and process performance.

  • How to make faster and smarter decisions
  • Monitoring proactive maintenance at higher levels
  • Troubleshooting issues before they escalate
  • How to fine-tune processes for increased efficiency
  • Improve overall quality of products and production
  • How to better control equipment and machinery downtime

WHCP Applications

Multiple applications including but not limited to:

Valve Control

Safe and Sequential Operation of Wellhead Valves (SCSSV/SSV/Wing, etc.)

Emergency & Fire Shutdown

Automatic response to fire, high/low pressure via fusible plugs and ESD

Process Control

Flowline Pressure Control, Well Test Operation, Partial Stroking, Riser Valve Operation

Specialized Control

HIPPS / ESD / Choke Valve Control

Overview of Wellhead Control Panel

Key equipment protecting oilfield facilities and environment from wellhead fires and emergency incidents

Gas and oil wells pose a high potential hazard due to flammable ejecta or high gas pressure. The wellhead control panel is key equipment in the oil & gas industry, protecting oilfield facilities and the environment from wellhead fires and other emergency incidents. It ensures safe oil production and transportation in accordance with international standards and national regulations.

Its function is to shut down the well in the event of conditions that harm it, for other interventions, and for work tests, etc.

The wellhead control panel is composed of a hydraulic power unit (HPU), tubing & fittings, instrument valves, and electrical control devices. HPU supplies hydraulic resources to open and close SSVs, including MSSV, WSSV, and SCSSV.

The level of complexity varies; each company has its own standard. Functionally, WHCP is part of surface facilities used to control well parameters:

  • Casing pressure reading
  • Tubing pressure reading
  • Temperature well parameters
  • Open/close Wing Valve (WV), Master Valve (MV), Downhole Safety Valve (DHSV)

Generally, WHCP consists of pneumatic or hydraulic controls composed of tubing and a three-way valve.

WHCP Hydraulic Power Unit (HPU) with tubing, valves, and control panel

WHCP System Components

Inputs, outputs, and final elements of the shutdown system

Shutdown Instrumentation (Inputs)

  • PALL – Pressure switch low low
  • PAHH – Pressure switch high high
  • Fusible plug – Fire detection (above flanges or leak-prone areas)

Process Monitoring (Readability)

  • FR – Flow Recorder / Indicator
  • PR – Pressure Recorder / Indicator
  • TR – Temperature Recorder / Indicator

Final Control Elements (Outputs)

  • DHSV – Downhole Safety Valve (hydraulic)
  • MV – Master Valve (hydraulic)
  • SSV – Surface Safety Valve (pneumatic)
  • Choke Valve – Manual
  • SDV – Shutdown Valve (flowline)
Analogy: WHCP is the controller. SSV, MV, DHSV, SDV are outputs. PALL, PAHH, fusible plug are inputs.

Why Pneumatic Control?

Ideal for remote wells — uses well gas as power source, generates hydraulic pressure via pump

Most oil and gas wells are located in remote areas, making electricity hard to access. WHCPs from gas wells use gas from the well itself as pneumatic power source.

This gas drives a hydraulic pump to generate high-pressure hydraulic fluid for actuators requiring greater force. Pneumatic-powered converters increase hydraulic power efficiently.

Common WHCP Problems & Solutions

Field-proven fixes based on operational experience

Leaks

At nut-tubing connections or three-way valve

Fix: Retighten, apply Teflon sealant, replace O-rings

PSV Popping

Excess pressure triggers relief valve

Fix: Clean internals, check and reset setpoint

Valve Sticking

Due to dirt, dryness, or liquid ingress

Fix: Grease, clean, replace internal parts

Main Functions of WHCP

Comprehensive fail-safe and monitoring capabilities

  • Local On/Off SSV
  • Remote control SSV through RTU
  • High-Low pressure sense shuts down automatically
  • Fusible Plug, Anti-fire Shut-down automatically
  • SSV cannot be opened unless local reset is performed after shutoff
  • Function of showing system pressure
  • A Relief Valve shall be installed on each hydraulic circuit
  • Function of showing hydraulic level and level switch for alarm
  • Function of defending pressure impact on the system
  • Function of system pressure monitoring (by pressure transmitter)
  • Function of remote emergency shut-down (by magnetic valve)
  • Function of On/Off SSV monitoring (by pressure switch)

Types of WHCP Systems

Single-well and multi-well configurations with diverse power sources

Single Well WHCP – Manual, Electric, Pneumatic, or Solar Single Well

Single Well Control Panel

Controls one well: SCSSV, Master SSV, Wing SSV

Driven by: Manual | Electrical | Pneumatic | Solar-powered

Primary Functions: Remote ESD, Fusible plugs, low- and high-pressure sensing, Manual shutdown at panel

Multi-Well Modular WHCP – Expandable and Interchangeable Multi-Well

Multi-Well Modular System

Each control module is drawable and interchangeable

Standard Modules: Oil reservoir, Pneumatic hydraulic pump, Standby manual pump

Primary Functions: Remote RTU shutdown, Fire fusible plugs, Low/High pressure sensing, Manual control at panel

WHCP Working Principle

Hydraulic power pack + dedicated control module per well = safe, sequential valve operation

WHCP systems consist of:

SCSSV operates at high pressure. SSV at medium pressure. Hydraulic fluid returns to reservoir via three-way valve during shutdown.

WHCP serves as the interface between plant control/safety systems and SCSSV/SSV actuators.

Advanced WHCP Solutions

Smart, modular, and sustainable systems for modern fields

PLC-Based “Smart System”

Integrates PID Control, Shutdown, Online Monitoring, Alarm & SCADA, Diagnostics

Reduces installation cost, optimizes remote well-site management

Solar-Powered Self-Contained

For remote onshore/offshore locations with no reliable power

Energy-efficient, dual power, proven in harsh jungle/desert environments

Multi-Well Modular & Expandable

Designed for marginal fields — add/delete wells, switch production/injection

Industry standard for minimal downtime and maximum flexibility

Emergency Shutdown (ESD) & Fusible Loop System

Critical sub-system for fire detection and automatic well isolation

The ESD/Fusible Loop system activates when fusible elements melt due to fire. Can be used standalone or with ESD to:

Construction: 316SS NEMA 4X (IP-65) enclosure, 316L 3/8” x .035 tubing

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